When selecting a Learning Management System (LMS), understanding the different standards is crucial for ensuring compatibility, interoperability, and effective tracking of learning activities. Internal teams, clients, and partners are frequently served by them with training and educational materials. Organizations may better understand the training and development needs of their employees and maintain compliance by using the data they track and keep.
Choosing LMS Standards: An Overview of AICC, SCORM, xAPI
What are LMS standards, and why do they exist?
When online learning started, everyone created their custom solution, so if you wanted to train people on computers, you had to create your e-learning software with courses and stick with it. This meant you could not utilize other people’s content on your platform and would need to create your training content again if you wanted to move platforms.
At that point, some organizations decided to standardize the way LMSs distribute courses to ensure that everything functions properly. LMS standards came into being which are guidelines and specifications that ensure consistency and compatibility in how learning content is created, delivered, and tracked across different platforms. They exist to promote interoperability, simplify content integration, and enable effective management and analysis of learning experiences.
At present, the market is dominated by mainly three standards, namely AICC, SCORM, and xAPI.
What is AICC
AICC (Aviation Industry Computer-Based Training Committee) is one of the earliest standards for e-learning interoperability. It specifies how online learning content and LMS should communicate with each other. It was founded in 1988-consortium of training experts from leading aircraft manufacturers, including Airbus, Boeing, and McDonnell Douglas.
How it works
AICC works by defining a communication protocol between content (courses) and LMSs. It uses HTTP or HTTPS to send data between the course and the LMS, typically through a URL. This allows for tracking learner progress, test scores, and other metrics.
It uses a set of predefined variables that are transferred via HTTPS between the content package and the LMS exchanges. As an illustration, the learning module sends a variable with a minimum score required to pass the module. The module notifies the LMS if the student passed, and the LMS returns the variable with the student’s score.
Pros :
- Established Standard: AICC has a long history and is well-established in the e-learning industry.
- Simple Implementation: It’s relatively straightforward to implement, especially for basic tracking needs.
- Flexible: AICC supports a variety of content types and can work across different systems.
Cons:
- Limited Functionality: Compared to newer standards like SCORM and xAPI, AICC has limited capabilities, especially in tracking complex interactions and multimedia content.
- Compatibility Issues: It may not be fully compatible with newer web technologies and may require additional configuration.
- Maintenance: As an older standard, ongoing support and updates may be less robust.
When to Use:
AICC is best used in scenarios where there’s a need for straightforward, basic tracking of e-learning activities, especially in environments where newer standards are not required or supported. It can be suitable for organizations with legacy systems or specific requirements that align well with its capabilities. However, for more advanced tracking and interactive content needs, newer standards like SCORM or xAPI may be more appropriate choices.
What is SCORM
SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) is a set of technical standards for e-learning software products. It defines how e-learning content and Learning Management Systems (LMS) should communicate with each other.
How it works
SCORM works by packaging e-learning content into sharable modules called “SCOs” (Sharable Content Objects). These modules can then be imported into any SCORM-compliant LMS. SCORM also specifies a communication protocol for tracking learner progress and scores, ensuring interoperability across different systems.
Pros :
- Interoperability: SCORM ensures that e-learning content can be easily shared and used across different SCORM-compliant LMS platforms.
- Tracking and Reporting: It provides robust capabilities for tracking learner interactions, progress, and assessment results.
- Widely Adopted: SCORM is widely adopted in the e-learning industry, making it easier to find content and compatible LMS solutions.
Cons:
- Complexity: Implementing SCORM-compliant content and LMS can be complex and require technical expertise.
- Limited Flexibility: SCORM’s structure may limit the types of interactive and multimedia content that can be effectively delivered.
- Updates: SCORM has not been updated significantly in recent years, potentially lacking support for newer technologies and learning approaches.
When to Use:
SCORM is best used in environments where there’s a need for standardization and compatibility with existing e-learning content and systems. It’s suitable for organizations that require structured tracking of learner progress and assessment results, such as in compliance training or formal education settings. However, for organizations looking for more flexibility in content delivery and tracking, or needing support for newer learning technologies, alternatives like xAPI may be more appropriate.
What is xAPI
xAPI (Experience API), also known as Tin Can API, is a specification that allows for tracking and reporting of learning activities beyond traditional e-learning. It enables the capture of a wide range of learning experiences both online and offline.
How it works
xAPI works by using a statement structure: “Actor, Verb, Object” to record learning activities. For example, “John completed the course.” These statements are sent to a Learning Record Store (LRS), where data is stored and can be analyzed. xAPI supports tracking interactions with various content types, including multimedia, simulations, and real-world activities.
Pros :
- Broad Tracking Capability: xAPI can track diverse learning experiences, including informal and offline learning activities.
- Flexible and Extensible: It accommodates new technologies and learning methods, supporting adaptive and personalized learning.
- Rich Data Insights: Provides detailed analytics and insights into learner behaviors and performance.
- Interoperability: xAPI can integrate with different systems and tools, promoting interoperability and data exchange.
Cons:
- Complex Implementation: Implementing xAPI may require technical expertise and adaptation to organizational needs.
- Learning Curve: Users and administrators may need time to understand and utilize the full capabilities of xAPI effectively.
- Cost Considerations: Setting up and maintaining an LRS for xAPI data storage and analysis can involve costs.
When to Use:
xAPI is ideal for organizations seeking to track and analyze a wide range of learning activities beyond traditional e-learning courses. It’s suitable for environments where adaptive and personalized learning experiences are important, such as in corporate training, healthcare simulations, and scenarios where offline learning needs to be captured. Organizations looking to leverage rich data insights to improve learning outcomes and personalize training programs can benefit greatly from xAPI’s capabilities.
